Philipp Cimiano; Christian Chiarcos; John P. McCrae; Jorge Gracia (2020). Linguistic Linked Data. Representation, Generation and Applications. Springer International Publishing

Recensão de: Philipp Cimiano; Christian Chiarcos; John P. McCrae; Jorge Gracia (2020). Linguistic Linked Data. Representation, Generation and Applications. Springer International Publishing. ISBN 978-3-030-30225-

ISO-DR-core plugs into ISO-dialogue acts for a cross-linguistic taxonomy of discourse markers

The present paper proposes an interoperable taxonomy to represent the meaning of discourse markers based on ISO DR-core (ISO 24617-8) but with a plug-in to ISO-dialogue acts (ISO 24617-2). The proposed taxonomy encompasses two dimensions: the semantic, with values regarding the discourse relations signalled by discourse markers, and the pragmatic, with values concerning the communicative function realized by discourse markers. We present a proof of concept for this twodimensional taxonomy in a multilingual parallel dataset in three languages, English, European Portuguese and Bulgarian, comprising 165 textual segments with multiword discourse makers obtained from publicly available TED Talk transcripts. We show that the two-dimensional taxonomy can successfully annotate cross-linguistically the meaning of discourse markers and discuss linguistic evidence where extension of the proposed taxonomy can be relevant

A semântica das frases com subordinação adverbial: o contributo das relações retóricas

This paper focuses on the temporal and rhetorical relations in complex sentences with adverbial subordinate clauses. We put forward a proposal for the semantic treatment within a theoretical framework which is grounded on Segmented Discourse Representation Theory, from Asher and Lascarides (2003), with some stipulations to deal with specificities of complex sentences related to: (i) the directionality of rhetorical and temporal relations; (ii) the rhetorical relations at the content and text-structuring levels; (iii) the combination of rhetorical relations of different nature. This proposal leads to a better semantic and discursive understanding of this type of complex sentences

Some issues on quantification in consecutive clauses

FR:Les phrases aux propositions consécutives constituent un problème complexe en raison de leur statut syntaxique et de leur interprétation sémantique, celles-ci donnant lieu à des analyses très différentes. Notre but, dans cet article, est de proposer une analyse sémantique des phrases subordonnées consécutives finies en Portugais Européen fondée sur des critères de quantification. En effet, nous conclurons que la quantification joue un rôle très important dans les phrases consécutives en ce qui concerne leur interprétation. Les données observées suggèrent l'existence de trois types différents de phrases consécutives - celles quantifiant sur des individus (objets), celles quantifiant sur des situations et celles quantifiant sur des propriétés. Cette tripartition nous aide à expliquer quelques restrictions importantes relatives aux différents marqueurs linguistiques dans les phrases consécutives. Elle peut expliquer aussi quelques restrictions sur les classes de mots, la nature des classes aspectuelles des situations de la proposition principale et le type de prédicats nominaux compris dans la quantification.The sentences with consecutive clauses have been a controversial topic because not only their syntactic status but also their semantic interpretation are confronted with many problems which give rise to different analysis. Our aim in this paper is to propose a semantic analysis of finite subordinate consecutive sentences in European Portuguese grounded on quantificational issues. In fact, quantification in consecutive sentences plays a very important role regarding their interpretation. The data suggest the existence of three different types of quantificational consecutive sentences corresponding to quantification over individuals (objects), quantification over situations and quantification over properties. This division helps to explain some relevant restrictions related to the sort of linguistic 'triggers' of consecutive structures and, in some cases, related to the classes of words that can occur with these, to the nature of aspectual classes of situations of the main clause and to the type of nominal predicates involved in the quantificatio

Consecutive sentences in European Portuguese: a quantificational approach

As frases com orações consecutivas têm sido um tópico controverso porque, não só o seu estatuto sintáctico, como também a sua interpretação semântica são confrontados com muitos problemas que dão origem a análises diferentes. A observação de várias gramáticas e estudos sobre este assunto em diferentes línguas românicas como o Português Europeu, o Espanhol, o Francês e o Italiano mostra claramente a ausência de uma abordagem homogénea deste fenómeno linguístico. O nosso objectivo neste artigo é propor uma análise semântica das frases consecutivas subordinadas finitas em Português Europeu baseada em critérios quantificacionais. Em primeiro lugar, debruçar-nos-emos sob o tratamento das frases consecutivas em algumas gramáticas das línguas já mencionadas. Seguidamente, focaremos a nossa atenção em alguns marcadores de estruturas consecutivas como tanto, tão, cada, um, um tal e tal e nas leituras semânticas possíveis. Por fim, apresentaremos uma proposta semântica de análise das frases consecutivas em Português Europeu. De facto, a quantificação nas frases consecutivas desempenha um papel muito importante no que diz respeito à sua interpretação. Os dados sugerem a existência de três tipos diferentes de frases consecutivas quantificacionais correspondendo à quantificação sobre indivíduos (objectos), quantificação sobre situações e quantificação sobre propriedades. Esta tripartição ajuda a explicar algumas restrições relevantes relacionadas com o tipo de marcadores linguísticos das frases consecutivas e, em alguns casos, relacionadas com classes de palavras que podem ocorrer com estes, com a natureza das classes aspectuais das situações da oração principal e com o tipo de predicados nominais envolvidos na quantificação.The sentences with consecutive clauses have been a controversial topic because not only their syntactic status but also their semantic interpretation are confronted with many problems which give rise to different analysis. The scrutiny of several grammar books and studies concerning this matter in different Romance languages such as European Portuguese, Spanish, French and Italian clearly shows the absence of a unified approach to this linguistic phenomenon. Our aim in this paper is to propose a semantic analysis of finite subordinate consecutive sentences in European Portuguese grounded on quantificational issues. Firstly, we will look over the treatment of consecutive sentences in some grammar books of the languages already mentioned. Secondly, we will focus our attention on some 'triggers' of consecutive structures like tanto ('so much/ so many'), tão ('so'), cada ('such'), um ('a'), um tal ('such a') and tal ('such') and on possible semantic readings. Finally, we will present our semantic proposal of analysis for consecutive sentences in European Portuguese. As matter of fact, quantification in consecutive sentences plays a very important role regarding their interpretation. The data suggest the existence of three different types of quantificational consecutive sentences corresponding to quantification over individuals (objects), quantification over situations and quantification over properties. This tripartition helps to explain some relevant restrictions related to the sort of linguistic 'triggers' of consecutive structures and, in some cases, related to the classes of words that can occur with these, to the nature of aspectual classes of situations of the main clause and to the type of nominal predicates involved in the quantification

DRIPPS: a Corpus with Discourse Relations in Perfect Participial Sentences

The main objective of this paper is to introduce a new language resource for some varieties of Portuguese - European, Brazilian, Mozambican, and Angolan - and for British English, called DRIPPS (Discourse Relations In Perfect Participial Sentences). The corpus DRIPPS comprises, at the moment, 993 adverbial perfect participial sentences annotated with Discourse Relations and with the following Discourse Relational Devices: connectors, ordering of the clauses, temporal relations, tenses, and aspectual types. Additionally, an application with a Graphical User Interface (GUI) has been developed not only to browse and manipulate the corpus but also to allow the activation of specific Discourse Relation constraints, thereby selecting specific cases from the data set that can be analyzed separately. Besides calculating simple counts and percentages, insightful statistical graphs can be generated and visualized on the fly from the combination of the user-selected constraints and the loaded corpora. The application is pre-loaded with Portuguese and English cases and allows to import/load further cases from different languages/ varieties

As propriedades temporais das orações infinitivas completivas e finais com para em Português Europeu

In this paper we investigate three different types of infinitive constructions involving parain European Portuguese, viz. purpose clauses, complement clauses in which parabehaves as a true complementizer and complement clauses in which parabehaves as a preposition pertaining to the main sentence. We begin witha brief characterization of the Portuguese simple infinitive, arguing that, in appropriate conditions, it exhibits defective temporal propertiesthat are, nonetheless, non-specified whenever another component in the sentence ascribes temporal information to the infinitive clause.Then we compare the three constructions under analysis: although there are clear divergences in their semantic behaviour, we observe that in all cases the situation represented bythe infinitive clauseis systematically located inan interval that follows its Temporal Perspective Pointprovided by the main clause. In order to account for this regularity, we propose that,in these contexts, (i) the infinitive is non-specified regarding its temporal features and (ii) the lexical properties of paraare responsible for the posteriority readingstated abov

Sobre alguns conceitos semânticos fundamentais para o ensino e avaliação nos ensinos básico e secundário

The main objective of this paper is to highlight the relevance of teaching, and evaluating, some semantic contents to students of elementary and secondary schools. We put forward a proposal which includes some semantic concepts that are not taught at all or are taught, but in a shallow manner. From these, we select three to illustrate some of their features whose study may be important not only to increase students awareness of their language,but also to develop students' skills in areas such as reading and writin

Verbos de movimento e preposições direcionais

The main objective of this paper is to study the semantics of verbs of inherently directed motion (Levin, 1993) ir (go) and vir (come) combined with prepositional phrases with the thematic role of Goal, headed by the prepositions para (to) and até (to) in European Portuguese. The data from our news-based-corpus reveals that both prepositions can occur with motion verbs without any apparent restrictions and introduce complements of the verbs ir and vir, although they carry slightly different interpretations: with para, there is a reading that the entity that undergoes movement remains longer in destination than with até. When these prepositions occur within predications that describe non-physical movement, the restrictions increase. The contribution of these prepositions to the determination of the aspectual profile of predications that represent events of movement, namely telicity, poses some theoretical problems, which will also be addressed. This paper puts forward some hypotheses of explanation of the data to be developed in future work